Bioremediation using hemp
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Quote:Hemp for Bioremediation of contaminated soilsContamination of land and water is a growing concern for the health of the environment. Conventional practices in the remediation of contamination usually involve expensive processes such as land filling or incineration of soil. Phytoremediation uses plants to accumulate certain metals in plant biomass or accelerate contaminant breakdown. Phytoremediation can be used to accumulate, immobilize and transform low levels of pollutants from soil and water and is more economically and environmentally sound than most other remediation practices (Vidali, 2001, Blaylock et al., 1999, Ha et al., 2009, Datta and Sarkar, 2005).
Hemp is a suitable crop for phytoremediation of contaminated soil because, although hemp is not considered a hyperaccumulator it is able to remove significant quantities of contaminants which are generally stored in its roots.-The stems and seeds of hemp plants can therefore be used for end products such as chemical and pharmaceutical products, biofuel, paper, building, furniture, insulation and more. (Citterio et al., 2003, Vandenhove and Van Hees, 2005)
Hemp was used in 1998 by Phytotech and Ukraine’s Institute of Bast Crops for removing contaminants near Chernobyl. Many studies have been conducted since to determine the suitability of hemp for phytoremdiation. In many studies hemp has displayed a very high tolerance to contaminants. It also has a greater adaptability to different soils and climatic conditions and has added benefits of being a rotational crop which can improve soil quality (Vandenhove and Van Hees, 2005, Citterio et al., 2003, Angelova et al., 2004).
A study by (Shi and Cai) looked for potential energy crops which could be grown on cadmium-contaminated land. Plants which offer end products such as biodiesel offer great economic value for landholders of contaminated soils. Hemp was found to be highly cadmium-tolerant and very useful in bioaccumulation of cadmium due its ability to accumulate cadmium in shoots. Hemp was also noted for having a high capacity for phytostabilisation. Phytostabilisation-uses plant structure to stabilize contaminants reducing the bioavailability and mobility of the contaminants in the soil, preventing them from entering the food chain or groundwater (Prasad and Freitas, 2003, Schwitzguébel, 2001).
Hemp is tolerant to contaminants, has the ability to accumulate and stabilise contaminated areas and, unlike most plants used in bioremediation, it offers additional end uses. Hemp can provide both an economic and sustainable solution to the contamination of soils worldwide.References-
ANGELOVA, V., IVANOVA, R., DELIBALTOVA, V. & IVANOV, K. 2004. Bio-accumulation and distribution of heavy metals in fibre crops (flax, cotton and hemp). Industrial Crops and Products, 19, 197-205.
BLAYLOCK, M. J., ELLESS, M. P., HUANG, J. W. & DUSHENKOV, S. M. 1999. Phytoremediation of lead-contaminated soil at a New Jersey Brownfield site. Remediation Journal, 9, 93-101.
CITTERIO, S., SANTAGOSTINO, A., FUMAGALLI, P., PRATO, N., RANALLI, P. & SGORBATI, S. 2003. Heavy metal tolerance and accumulation of Cd, Cr and Ni by Cannabis sativa L. Plant and Soil, 256, 243-243-252.
DATTA, R. & SARKAR, D. 2005. Genetics of Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Higher Plants, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
HA, N. T. H., SAKAKIBARA, M. & SANO, S. 2009. Phytoremediation of Sb, As, Cu, and Zn from Contaminated Water by the Aquatic Macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis. CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water, 37, 720-725.
PRASAD, M. N. V. & FREITAS, H. M. O. 2003. Metal hyperaccumulation in plants – Biodiversity prospecting for phytoremediation technology. Electronivc Journal of Biotechnology, 6.
SCHWITZGUÉBEL, J. P. 2001. Hype or Hope: The Potential of Phytoremediation as an Emerging Green Technology. Remediation Journal, 11, 63-78.
SHI, G. & CAI, Q. Cadmium tolerance and accumulation in eight potential energy crops. Biotechnology Advances, 27, 555-561.
VANDENHOVE, H. & VAN HEES, M. 2005. Fibre crops as alternative land use for radioactively contaminated arable land. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 81, 131-141.
VIDALI, M. 2001. Bioremediation. An overview. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 73, 1163-1172.När man läser det där och har odlat hydro nån gång och sett rotsystemen så inser man att Rhizofiltrering måste kunna vara effektivt det också. Så man kan försöka skapa vattenreningssystem och sälja.
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