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Cannabis – Farligt på riktigt!?
Jag fick ett mail av min mamma (hon vet om att jag gör det) nyss där hon hade med flertal artiklar om cannabis som stod att cannabisrökning visst är nedbrytande för hjärnan, uppmärksamheten, minnet, kroppsfunktioner osv.
De båda översta är ur den amerikanska läkartidningen Journal of American Medical Association, från 2002 0ch 2003.Jag undrar mest vad ni tror om detta, jag blev rätt paff, men vad säger ni? har vi haft fel? Min mamma skrev också: “Detta är seriös, dubbelblindtestad forskning som inte går att avfärda som antidrogliberalt skitsnack”
(allt är på engelska)
Marijuana and Madness: Psychiatry and Neurobiology
edited by David Castle and Robin Murray, 218 pp, with illus, $80, ISBN 0-521-81940-7, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2004. JAMA. 2005;293:1008-1009.Marijuana and Madness takes a rigorous scientific look at the relationship of marijuana to cognition and mental illness. It provides a contemporary appraisal of cannabis research that neuroscientists and clinicians will find invaluable. While conferring legitimacy, the density and detail of information place the book beyond the scope of the nonmedical reader.
The first chapter outlines the neurochemistry of the biologically active exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids. The plant Cannabis sativa and the endocannabinoid anandamide (from the Sanskrit for bliss) receive primary emphasis. The second chapter describes the neuroanatomical distribution of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, its proposed functions, and its physiology. The significant effect of cannabis on short-term memory and the hypothalamic control of appetite, including the antiobesity potential of the CB1 antagonist rimonabant, are also covered.Cognitive Functioning of Long-term Heavy Cannabis Users Seeking Treatment
Nadia Solowij, PhD; Robert S. Stephens, PhD; Roger A. Roffman, DSW; Thomas Babor, PhD, MPH; Ronald Kadden, PhD; Michael Miller, PhD; Kenneth Christiansen, PsyD; Bonnie McRee, MPH; Janice Vendetti, MPH; for the Marijuana Treatment Project Research Group. JAMA. 2002;287:1123-1131.Context Cognitive impairments are associated with long-term cannabis use, but the parameters of use that contribute to impairments and the nature and endurance of cognitive dysfunction remain uncertain.
Objective To examine the effects of duration of cannabis use on specific areas of cognitive functioning among users seeking treatment for cannabis dependence.
Design, Setting, and Participants Multisite retrospective cross-sectional neuropsychological study conducted in the United States (Seattle, Wash; Farmington, Conn; and Miami, Fla) between 1997 and 2000 among 102 near-daily cannabis users (51 long-term users: mean, 23.9 years of use; 51 shorter-term users: mean, 10.2 years of use) compared with 33 nonuser controls.
Main Outcome Measures Measures from 9 standard neuropsychological tests that assessed attention, memory, and executive functioning, and were administered prior to entry to a treatment program and following a median 17-hour abstinence.
Results Long-term cannabis users performed significantly less well than shorter-term users and controls on tests of memory and attention. On the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, long-term users recalled significantly fewer words than either shorter-term users (P = .001) or controls (P = .005); there was no difference between shorter-term users and controls. Long-term users showed impaired learning (P = .007), retention (P = .003), and retrieval (P = .002) compared with controls. Both user groups performed poorly on a time estimation task (P<.001 vs controls). Performance measures often correlated significantly with the duration of cannabis use, being worse with increasing years of use, but were unrelated to withdrawal symptoms and persisted after controlling for recent cannabis use and other drug use.
Conclusions These results confirm that long-term heavy cannabis users show impairments in memory and attention that endure beyond the period of intoxication and worsen with increasing years of regular cannabis use.Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls
Michael T. Lynskey, PhD; Andrew C. Heath, DPhil; Kathleen K. Bucholz, PhD; Wendy S. Slutske, PhD; Pamela A. F. Madden, PhD; Elliot C. Nelson, MD; Dixie J. Statham, MA; Nicholas G. Martin, PhD. JAMA. 2003;289:427-433.
Context Previous studies have reported that early initiation of cannabis (marijuana) use is a significant risk factor for other drug use and drug-related problems.
Objective To examine whether the association between early cannabis use and subsequent progression to use of other drugs and drug abuse/dependence persists after controlling for genetic and shared environmental influences.
Design Cross-sectional survey conducted in 1996-2000 among an Australian national volunteer sample of 311 young adult (median age, 30 years) monozygotic and dizygotic same-sex twin pairs discordant for early cannabis use (before age 17 years).
Main Outcome Measures Self-reported subsequent nonmedical use of prescription sedatives, hallucinogens, cocaine/other stimulants, and opioids; abuse or dependence on these drugs (including cannabis abuse/dependence); and alcohol dependence.
Results Individuals who used cannabis by age 17 years had odds of other drug use, alcohol dependence, and drug abuse/dependence that were 2.1 to 5.2 times higher than those of their co-twin, who did not use cannabis before age 17 years. Controlling for known risk factors (early-onset alcohol or tobacco use, parental conflict/separation, childhood sexual abuse, conduct disorder, major depression, and social anxiety) had only negligible effects on these results. These associations did not differ significantly between monozygotic and dizygotic twins.
Conclusions Associations between early cannabis use and later drug use and abuse/dependence cannot solely be explained by common predisposing genetic or shared environmental factors. The association may arise from the effects of the peer and social context within which cannabis is used and obtained. In particular, early access to and use of cannabis may reduce perceived barriers against the use of other illegal drugs and provide access to these drugs.Detta är en recension om en bok som tar upp de medicinska verkningarna om cannabisanvändning:
Marijuana and Madness: Psychiatry and Neurobiology
edited by David Castle and Robin Murray, 218 pp, with illus, $80, ISBN 0-521-81940-7, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2004. JAMA. 2005;293:1008-1009.Marijuana and Madness takes a rigorous scientific look at the relationship of marijuana to cognition and mental illness. It provides a contemporary appraisal of cannabis research that neuroscientists and clinicians will find invaluable. While conferring legitimacy, the density and detail of information place the book beyond the scope of the nonmedical reader.
The first chapter outlines the neurochemistry of the biologically active exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids. The plant Cannabis sativa and the endocannabinoid anandamide (from the Sanskrit for bliss) receive primary emphasis. The second chapter describes the neuroanatomical distribution of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, its proposed functions, and its physiology. The significant effect of cannabis on short-term memory and the hypothalamic control of appetite, including the antiobesity potential of the CB1 antagonist rimonabant, are also covered. -
9 Replies
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we’re all doooooomed, DOOOOMED I tell ye!!! 😆 😆 😆
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Finns det något som inte är farligt.. Att kolla sin e-mail ska visst enligt en ny undersökning sänka iq:n mer än vad cannabis gör.
Det finns mycket som leder till neuroser och psykiska sjukdomar.. Att cannabis är en av dessa är väl ingen nyhet.. Beror väl mest på vad man är för typ av person.
Folk som endast ägnar sig till att sitta framför datorn och spela spel kan ju heller inte vara så värst hälsosamma.
Lagom är bäst 😉 Använder man sitt sunda förnuft, är inte cannabis enligt mig värre än en hel del andra saker.
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@blackfield wrote:
Marijuana and Madness: Psychiatry and Neurobiology
edited by David Castle and Robin Murray, 218 pp, with illus, $80, ISBN 0-521-81940-7, New York, NY, Cambridge University Press, 2004. JAMA. 2005;293:1008-1009.Marijuana and Madness takes a rigorous scientific look at the relationship of marijuana to cognition and mental illness. It provides a contemporary appraisal of cannabis research that neuroscientists and clinicians will find invaluable. While conferring legitimacy, the density and detail of information place the book beyond the scope of the nonmedical reader.
The first chapter outlines the neurochemistry of the biologically active exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids. The plant Cannabis sativa and the endocannabinoid anandamide (from the Sanskrit for bliss) receive primary emphasis. The second chapter describes the neuroanatomical distribution of the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor, its proposed functions, and its physiology. The significant effect of cannabis on short-term memory and the hypothalamic control of appetite, including the antiobesity potential of the CB1 antagonist rimonabant, are also covered.I bokens början hittar man följande text:
This book is dedicated to the memory of Frances Rix Ames, whose
belief in the potential medical and environmental benefits of
marijuana was never obscured by the smoke of political rhetoric.
😯Angående: Cognitive Functioning of Long-term Heavy Cannabis Users Seeking Treatment
Så kan du läsa hela rapporten här: http://www.ukcia.org/research/CognitiveFunctioning.html inklusive kritik från Pope HG Jr. Pope är knappast att betrakta som drogliberal men en lika seriös forskare som Dr SolowijDr Solowij and colleagues provide reassurance regarding their extensive efforts to control for possible confounds. Our similar study of equally long-term cannabis users agrees with theirs in finding cognitive impairment hours to days after discontinuing cannabis. However, our studies still disagree on one important point: Solowij et al found increasingcognitive impairment with increasing duration of cannabis use, whereas we did not….
…One cannot exclude the possibility that among cannabis users spontaneously seeking psychiatric treatment for their drug use, subtle neuropsychiatric factors, not induced by cannabis, may affect cognitive performance despite the best efforts to control for such factors…
…Therefore, I stand by my conclusion that we must live with uncertainly.
Angående: Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls
Så kan du läsa den rapporten här: http://www.ukcia.org/research/EscalationOfDrugUse/EscalationOfDrugUse.pdf
och massiv kritik mot den här: http://www.ukcia.org/research/EscalationOfDrugUse/TwinStudyFailsToProveGateway.htmlThese results are all derived single follow-up telephone interviews with an unknown party over matters relating to illegal drug use, child sex abuse and other personal issues up to 15 years earlier. Some may have chosen to (falsely) deny childhood cannabis use and then to also deny adult abuse or dependency. Others may have had faulty recollection for such distant events, making the findings less secure….
…Another problem with this study is that the drug abuse/dependence findings are so high that they may indicate an atypical sample….
…There is at least anecdotal evidence that some heroin addicts first used heroin when their dealer could not supply cannabis, amphetamine or other drugs of current choice. To his credit, Lynskey writes: “.. access to cannabis use may provide individuals with access to other drugs as they come into contact with drug dealers. … [Dutch decriminalization of cannabis] may have been partially successful as rates of cocaine use among those who have used cannabis are lower in the Netherlands than in the United States.”
Cannabis är inte ofarligt och det har vi heller aldrig påstått. Däremot är det långt ifrån så faligt som staten hävdar. Boken “Marijuana and Madness: Psychiatry and Neurobiology” är en mycket bra bok som propagandaministeriet helst vill få oss att glömma eftersom den kraftigt ifrågasätter psykos-teorierna som är så populära här hemma. Din mamma har förmodligen missat det.
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Jag har fått för mig att de flesta cannabisforskningar är överdrivna. Dvs att de t.ex som jag läst någonstans att apor utsätts för enorma mängder cannabisrök, så pass mycket så att man skulle vara hög en vecka om man drog i sig eller så mycket så man skulle behöva röka joppar konstant ett bra tag. Bara vad jag tror 🙄
Peace -
Är det ö.h.t någon som kritiserar forskning som visar att cannabis påverkar närminnet negativt? Det tror jag alla är överens om att cannabis gör. Frågan är väl snarare om hur mycket det betyder för att fortsätta hålla på förbudet. “nedbrytande för hjärnan” som du (eller din mamma) skriver kan man inte dra som slutsats av dessa rapporter.
Din mamma borde läsa Institute of Medicine’s utredning “Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base”
http://www.nap.edu/html/marimed/
Den går igenom de bästa myter och sanningar om cannabis på ett bra sätt.
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Att kolla sin e-mail ska visst enligt en ny undersökning sänka iq:n mer än vad cannabis gör.
Av alla ting som sänker iqn, så valde de att jämföra med Cannabis.
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Mina tankar är mer koncentrerade när jag nyttjar marijuana, i vanligt tillstånd är det bara massa tankar som inte går att sätta fingret på’ 🙄
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Konstigt att flera års brukande av cannabis inte förstört än än.
Det kommer väl med en smäll tillslut. Allt på en gång!
… Pzyk ! -
Konstigt att flera års brukande av cannabis inte förstört än än.
Är det fel att skratta när man läser det här..? Hähä..
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